- 三時教
- (三時教, 三时教)
([lang id =1028]三時教判) The three periods and characteristics of Buddha's teaching, as defined by the Dharmalakṣana school [lang id =1028]法相宗. They are:(1) [lang id =1028]有, when he taught the [lang id =1028]實有 reality of the skandhas and elements, but denied the common belief in [lang id =1028]實我 real personality or a permanent soul; this period is represented by the four [lang id =1028]阿含經 āgamas and other Hīnayāna sūtras.(2) [lang id =1028]空 Śūnya, when he negatived the idea of [lang id =1028]實法 the reality of things and advocated that all was [lang id =1028]空 unreal; the period of the [lang id =1028]般若經 prajñā sūtras.(3) [lang id =1028]中 Madhyama, the mean, that mind or spirit is real, while things are unreal; the period of this school's specific sūtra the [lang id =1028]解深密經, also the [lang id =1028]法華 and later sūtras. In the two earlier periods he is said to have [lang id =1028]方便 adapted his teaching to the development of his hearers; in the third to have delivered his complete and perfect doctrine. Another division by the [lang id =1028]空宗 is(1) as above;(2) the early period of the Mahāyāna represented, by the [lang id =1028]深密經;(3) the higher Mahāyāna as in the [lang id =1028]般若經. v. also [lang id =1028]三敎.* * *又作三時教判, 指佛陀教法的三個時期。 唯識宗的三時教判, 是唐代窺基, 根據《解深密經・無自性相品》之三時說而立的。 《成唯識論述記》卷一稱: 一、 第一時教, 釋尊於初時為發趨聲聞乘者宣說四諦之理, 稱為第一時有教。 指《阿含經》等所說‘我空法有’之旨, 謂一切存在均由因緣所生滅, 故無實體, 然實有構成存在之要素, 故稱有教, 指小乘。 二、 第二時教, 釋尊為發趨大乘者講說‘諸法皆空’之理, 如《般若經》等之說, 謂一切萬法本來即為空, 此繫否定之教法, 稱為空教, 指大乘空宗。 三、 第三時教, 釋尊普為發趨一切乘者講說中道之義, 如《華嚴經》、 《解深密經》等, 以三性三無性之說, 談空之真意, 肯定非有非無之中道, 故稱中道教, 指唯識宗。* * *法相宗將釋尊一生所說的經教, 判為三時: 第一、 釋尊成道之初, 一切外道凡夫, 執著實我, 故在四阿含經中, 為說五蘊法, 說明我乃是五蘊等法假合, 若加分析, 則但有法而無我, 是為我空法有論, 屬小乘有教, 又名初教。 第二、 二乘行人, 初聞有教, 雖解我空, 尚執法有, 佛為除彼等法執故, 說諸部般若經, 顯示一切法皆無自性, 廓然大空, 是為我法二空論, 屬大乘空教。 第三、 佛恐行人, 聞空教後, 復起空執, 一味執空, 如此則無法可修, 無佛道可成, 落入斷滅空, 於是又說解深密等經, 演唯識三性等教, 開示境無識有, 圓成實性, 非是斷滅, 令悟入中道實相, 是為境空心有論, 屬大乘中道教。
Dictionary of Buddhist terms. 2013.